A procedure for solving a mathematical problem (as of finding the greatest common divisor) in a finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an operation.

Broadly : a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing some end.

Source: Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/algorithm. Accessed 24 Apr. 2022.

A distinctive biological or biologically derived indicator (such as a metabolite) of a process, event, or condition (such as aging, disease, or oil formation)

Source: National Cancer Institute.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biomarker

A way to provide an investigational therapy to a patient who is not eligible to receive that therapy in a clinical trial, but who has a serious or life-threatening illness for which other treatments are not available. Expanded access allows patients to receive promising but not yet fully studied or approved cancer therapies when no other treatment option exists. Also called compassionate use.

Source: National Cancer Institute
https://www.cancer.gov/search/results?swKeyword=Expanded+Access

The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism. In people, almost every cell in the body contains a complete copy of the genome. The genome contains all of the information needed for a person to develop and grow. Studying the genome may help researchers understand how different types of cancer form and respond to treatment. This may lead to new ways to diagnose, treat, and prevent cancer.

Source: National Cancer Institute
https://www.cancer.gov/search/results?swKeyword=genome

A laboratory method that is used to determine the entire genetic makeup of a specific organism or cell type. This method can be used to find changes in areas of the genome. These changes may help scientists understand how specific diseases, such as cancer, form. Results of genomic sequencing may also be used to diagnose and treat disease.

Source: National Cancer Institute
https://www.cancer.gov/search/results?swKeyword=genomic+sequencing

A type of therapy that uses substances to stimulate or suppress the immune system to help the body fight cancer, infection, and other diseases. Some types of immunotherapy only target certain cells of the immune system. Others affect the immune system in a general way. Types of immunotherapy include cytokines, vaccines, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), and some monoclonal antibodies.

Source: National Cancer Institute
https://www.cancer.gov/search/results?swKeyword=immunotherapy

A new protein that forms on cancer cells when certain mutations occur in tumor DNA. Neoantigens may play an important role in helping the body make an immune response against cancer cells. Neoantigens used in vaccines and other types of immunotherapy are being studied in the treatment of many types of cancer.

Source: National Cancer Institute
https://www.cancer.gov/search/results?swKeyword=neoantigen

A molecule that contains two or more amino acids (the molecules that join together to form proteins). Peptides that contain many amino acids are called polypeptides or proteins.

Source: National Cancer Institute
https://www.cancer.gov/search/results?swKeyword=Peptide

The Right to Try Act is another way for patients who have been diagnosed with life-threatening diseases or conditions who have tried all approved treatment options and who are unable to participate in a clinical trial to access certain unapproved treatments.

The FDA remains committed to enhancing access to promising investigational medicines for those unable to access investigational medical products through clinical trials. This is the mission of our expanded access program.

Source: U.S. FDA
https://www.fda.gov/patients/learn-about-expanded-access-and-other-treatment-options/right-try